摘 要

杉木是我国重要的造林树种，是杉科中之杉木属植物。杉木又名沙木、杉树等。在本草纲目中，早已有记载：“杉树，味辛、微湿，无毒。主治漆疮。其皮，主治金疮出血，及炭火伤灼；其叶，主治风、虫牙痛；其籽主治疝气痛”。杉木精油主要成分是柏木醇，占精油含量大约70%，其余的是柏木烯、α-蒎烯、α-松油醇、β-石竹烯等，与柏木油组成相近，将杉木油替代柏木油用于香料行业有着良好的工业前景。

本实验以杉木屑为原料，用水蒸气蒸馏法和有机溶剂提取法提取不同产地的杉木精油，讨论了不同提取时间、渗透剂种类、溶剂种类对精油得率的影响。实验结果表明，水蒸气蒸馏法最优工艺为：水上蒸馏4 h，杉木精油得率最高为2.012%。有机溶剂提取的最佳条件为甲醇为溶剂，提取时间4 h，杉木油得率为3.609%，以气相色谱质谱联用法分析不同提取方法提取的杉木精油的组成及含量。

采用湿法装柱，将杉木精油通过不同极性的溶剂洗脱得到六个极性段的组分。用DPPH法，FRAP法，ABTS法三种方法测定不同产地杉木精油的抗氧性。以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为研究对象，用平板划线法等确定不同产地的杉木精油对三种细菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。广西杉木精油对细菌的抑制作用最强，其次是黄山杉木精油、福建杉木精油。杉木精油对细菌的抑制作用为枯草芽孢杆菌＞金黄色葡萄球菌＞大肠杆菌。广西杉木油含柏木醇较高，黄山其次，故推测其中起抑菌活性的物质主要为柏木醇。

关键词：杉木精油；提取；柱层析分离；抗氧性；抑菌性

Extraction, Separation and Biological Activity of Chinese Fir Oil

ABSTRACT

Chinese fir is an important tree species for afforestation in China. Chinese fir also known as sand wood, sad tree, etc. In the compendium of herbs, it has long been recorded: "Chinese fir, spicy, slightly wet, non-toxic. Mainly treat lacquer sore. Its skin is mainly for the treatment of golden ulcer bleeding and charcoal burns; its leaves are mainly for wind and toothache; its seeds are mainly for hernia pain. The main component of Chinese fir essential oil is cedar alcohol, accounting for about 70% of the essential oil content. The rest are cedar, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-caryophyllene and so on. The composition of Chinese fir essential oil is similar to that of tar oil. It has good industrial prospects to replace tar oil in perfume industry.

In this experiment, Chinese fir essential oil was extracted from Chinese fir sawdust by steam distillation and organic solvent extraction. The effects of extraction time, penetrating agent and solvent on the yield of essential oil were discussed. The experimental results show that the optimum process of steam distillation is as follows: water distillation for 4 hours, the highest yield of essential oil of Chinese fir is 2.012%. The optimum extraction conditions of organic solvent were methanol, extraction time was 4 h, and the yield of Chinese fir oil was 3.609%. The components and contents of essential oil extracted by different extraction methods were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The Chinese fir essential oil was eluted by different polar solvents to obtain six polar fractions by wet column loading. The antioxidant properties of essential oils of Chinese fir from different habitats were determined by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. Taking Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the research objects, the minimum bacteriostatic concentration and bactericidal concentration of essential oil of Chinese fir from different habitats were determined by plate marking method. Essential oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata from Guangxi has the strongest inhibitory effect on bacteria, followed by essential oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata from Huangshan and essential oil of Cunninghamia lanceolata from Fujian. The inhibitory effect of Chinese fir essential oil on bacteria was Bacillus subtilis gt; Staphylococcus aureus gt; Escherichia coli. Cunninghamia lanceolata oil in Guangxi contains more cedar alcohol than Huangshan, so it is presumed that cedar alcohol is the main antimicrobial substance.

Key words: Chinese fir essential oil；extract；Column chromatography separation；

Antioxidant；Antibacterial

目 录

1 前言 1

1.1 杉木和杉木精油简介 1

1.1.1 杉木和杉木精油 1

1.1.2杉木精油的性质及用途 1

1.1.3杉木精油的组成 2

1.2杉木精油的提取方法 3

1.2.1水蒸气蒸馏法 3

1.2.2有机溶剂提取法 3

1.3杉木精油的分离及生物活性 4

1.3.1杉木精油的分离 4

1.3.2杉木精油的抗氧性 5

1.3.3杉木精油的抑菌性 5

1.4研究目的及意义 6

1.5研究内容 7

2.杉木精油的提取 8

2.1引言 8

2.2水蒸气蒸馏法提取杉木精油 8

2.2.1实验过程 8

2.2.1.1实验原料 8

2.2.1.2实验仪器 9

2.2.1.3实验方法 9

2.2.1.4分析方法：GC-MS气质联用分析法 9

2.2.2结果与讨论 10

2.2.2.1不同产地对杉木精油得率的影响 10

2.2.2.2提取时间对杉木精油得率的影响 10

2.2.2.3不同产地提取的杉木精油GC-MS分析 11

2.2.2.4渗透剂种类对杉木精油得率的影响 13

2.2.2.5不同渗透剂提取的杉木精油GC-MS分析 13

2.3溶剂提取法提取杉木精油 17

2.3.1实验过程 17

2.3.1.1实验原料 17

2.3.1.2实验仪器 18

2.3.1.3实验方法 18

2.3.1.4分析方法：GC-MS气质联用分析 18

2.3.2结果与讨论 19

2.3.2.1不同有机溶剂提取杉木精油的得率 19

2.3.2.2不同有机溶剂提取的杉木精油GC-MS分析 19

2.4本章小结 21

3.杉木精油的分离 22

3.1引言 22

3.2实验过程 22

3.2.1实验原料 22

3.2.2实验器材 22

3.2.3实验方法 23

3.3结果与讨论 23

3.4本章小结 24

4.杉木精油的生物活性 25

4.1杉木精油的抗氧性 25

4.1.1引言 25

4.1.2实验过程 25

4.1.2.1实验原料 25

4.1.2.2实验器材 26

4.1.2.3实验方法 26

4.1.3结果与讨论 27

4.1.3.1不同产地杉木精油的抗氧化测定 27