摘 要

松香是松树分泌的黏稠液体经蒸馏而得到的一种天然树脂，其颜色由微黄色至棕红色，是一种透明、脆性的固体物质。我国是最大的松香生产国，松香是一种巨大的可利用的天然资源，因此开展研究以松香为基本原料合成松香基表面活性剂，开发表面活性剂新的原料来源，丰富表面活性剂的品种，充分利用我国丰富的松香资源.减少对石油和天然油脂的依赖本论文。原料是松香，经过D-A加成、酰亚胺化、酯化反应合成了一种松香基表面活性剂，用IR,1H NMR光谱及X射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征，通过表面张力法研究了其表面张力及临界胶束浓度，表面张力为37.5mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1.5mmol/L。由于该表面活性剂含有叔胺基团，在水中可与CO2反应形成CO2调控型表面活性剂，研究了非离子形态及阳离子形态的表面活性剂对液体石蜡的乳化性能，结果表明阳离子形态的松香表面活性剂对液体石蜡具有更好的乳化性能。非离子状态下在100mM表面活性剂浓度下能形成稳定的石蜡乳液，而阳离子状态下0.75mM表面活性剂浓度形成稳定的乳液，降低活性剂的用量，乳液粒径100微米左右。

关键词：松香；表面活性剂; CO₂响应；乳化

Abstract

Rosin is a natural resin obtained by distillation of a viscous liquid secretedbypine. Its color is from yellowish to brownish red. It is a transparent and brittle solisubstance. Pine trees have strong vitality and are one of the most widely distributed tree species. It is estimated that pine trees account for about one-third of the forest area on the earth and are distributed from south to north in China. Rosin is one of the most important products in China's forestry chemical industry. It is an important natural product and a renewable resource. China is the world's largest producer of rosin. Rosin is a huge natural renewable resource. Therefore, research on the synthesis of rosin-based surfactants using rosin as a basic raw material, developing new sources of surfactants and enriching the surface. The variety of active agents makes full use of China's abundant rosin resources. In this paper, A rosin-based surfactant was synthesized by d-a addition, imimization and esterification reaction with rosin as raw material, and its structure was characterized by IR and h-nmr spectra. Surface tension and critical micelle concentration were studied by surface tension method, with surface tension of 37.5N/m and critical micelle concentration of 1.5mmol/L. As the surfactant contains tertiary amine groups, it can react with CO2 to form regulated surfactant in water. The emulsifying performance of non-ionic and cationic surfactants on liquid paraffin was studied. In the non-ionic state, stable paraffin emulsion can be formed under the concentration of 100mM surfactant, while the concentration of 0.75mM surfactant can form stable emulsion under cationic state, which greatly reduces the dosage of surfactant and the particle size of emulsion is about 100 microns.

Keywords: rosin; surfactant；CO2 responsive, emulsion

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 松香基表面活性剂的概述 1

1.2 响应型表面活性剂的概述 2

1.3 研究意义及主要研究内容 4

2 松香基CO2响应表面活性剂的合成 6

2.1 实验设备及试剂 7

2.2 松香CO2响应表面活性剂的合成 7

2.2.1 反应合成步骤 7

2.2.2 反应注意事项 7

2.3 马来海松酸酰亚胺的合成 8

2.3.1 合成步骤 8

2.3.2 注意事项 8

2.4 马来海松酸酰亚胺缩水甘油酯的合成 8

2.5 红外光谱(FT-IR)， 8

2.6 核磁(1H NMR) 8

3 结果与讨论 9

3.1. 产品红外表征 10

3.2 .产品1H NMR表征 10

3.3. 晶体结构解析 11

3.4 马来海松酸酰亚胺缩水甘油酯的表面活性 13

3.5 马来海松酸酰亚胺缩水甘油酯的乳化性能研究 14

3.6 乳液粒径分析 16

4 结论 17

5 致谢 18

6 参考文献 19

1 绪论

1.1松香基表面活性剂的概述

松香结构具有三元菲骨架结构，具有极强的疏水性，对其结构中的羧基进行改性制成可聚合松香单体，再和亲水性单体共聚制得高分子表面活性剂，并采用核磁、质谱、红外等手段对其结构表征。

在实际运用中常常既需要利用表面活性剂的乳化和增溶等性能又需要高分子化合物调节体系流变性或提高乳液稳定性实现其特殊用途，所以具有表面活性的高分子化合物的研究得到社会广泛关注。