摘 要

随着化石资源的日渐枯竭，人们将目光转向天然可再生的资源。松香是一种重要的天然、可再生的林业资源。研究松香表面活性剂可以为我国经济的发展做出一定的贡献。

本文以松香为原料，通过加成、酰胺化、酯化反应合成了双头及三头的松香基CO₂响应型表面活性剂，该表面活性剂中含有叔胺基团，在水中可与CO₂反应，从非离子表面活性剂转变为阳离子表面活性剂，通入N₂后又可以使其变成非离子表面活性剂，用IR, ¹H NMR对多头表面活性剂进行了结构表征，研究了非离子型及离子型表面活性剂的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化性能及泡沫性能，结果表明，该系列表面活性剂表面张力在37.5-47.5 mNm^-1之间，临界胶束浓度在0.1-0.5 mM之间。通入CO₂后非离子型表面活性剂变成离子型表面活性剂，双头基基三头基的表面活性剂乳化性能大大提高将近2.5倍，离子型的表面活性剂的泡沫性能较非离子型强。三头基的表面活性剂的乳化性能反而有所降低。通入CO₂后非离子型表面活性剂变成离子型表面活性剂，双头基基三头基的表面活性剂泡沫性能大大提高将近3倍，离子型的表面活性剂的泡沫性能较非离子型强。泡沫高度提高将近4倍。随着表面活性剂浓度的增加，对正己烷的乳化性能越强。

关键词：松香；表面活性剂；多头基；CO₂响应

Study on Synthesis and Properties of Rosin-based CO₂-responsive Surfactants

ABSTRACT

As fossil resources are depleted, people turn their attention to natural renewable resources.Rosin is an important natural, renewable forestry resource.Research on rosin surfactants can make a certain contribution to the development of China's economy.

Based on rosin as raw material, through addition, amidation and synthesized by the esterification reaction of rosin based CO₂ response of double and three type of surfactant, the surfactant containing tertiary amine groups, can react with CO₂ in the water, from the nonionic surfactant into cationic surfactants, ventilation with N₂ and then can become a non-ionic surface active agent, using IR, HNMR long surfactant for the structural characterization, studied the non-ionic and ionic surfactant surface tension, critical micelle concentration, emulsifying properties and foam properties, the results show that the The surface tension of the series surfactants is between 37.5 and 47.5, and the critical micelle concentration is between 0.1 and 0.5. After CO₂ injection, the nonionic surfactant became an ionic surfactant, and the emulsifying performance of the double-head based surfactant and tri-head based surfactant was greatly improved by nearly 2.5 times. The foam performance of the ionic surfactant was stronger than that of the nonionic surfactant. The emulsifying properties of tricetyl surfactants were decreased. After CO₂ injection, the nonionic surfactant became an ionic surfactant, and the foam performance of the double-head based surfactant and tri-head based surfactant was greatly improved by nearly three times, and the foam performance of the ionic surfactant was stronger than that of the nonionic surfactant. The height of the bubble increased nearly fourfold. With the increase of surfactant concentration, the emulsifying performance of paraffin wax is stronger.

Key words：Rosin; Surfactant; Multiple; CO₂ responsive

目 录

1 前言.............................................................................................................................................1

1.1 表面活性剂........................................................................................................................1

1.2 松香及松香表面活性剂....................................................................................................1

1.2.1松香表面活性剂的优势..........................................................................................1

1.3 阳离子表面活性剂............................................................................................................2

1.3.1阳离子表面活性剂的工艺路线..............................................................................2

1.3.2阳离子表面活性剂的应用..................................................................................... 2

1.4 本文的研究目的、意义及主要内容................................................................................3

2 实验部分...................................................................................................................................4

2.1 实验原料及仪器................................................................................................................4

2.1.1 主要实验原料.........................................................................................................4

2.1.2 主要实验仪器.........................................................................................................4

2.2 实验工艺及装置................................................................................................................5

2.2.1 多头基松香表面活性剂的合成路线.....................................................................5

2.2.2 多头基松香表面活性剂的合成步骤.....................................................................6

2.3 产品结构表征和性能分析................................................................................................7